Kevin De Baerdemaeker

Precalculus (Collega Algebra + Trigonometry)

Modified 2026-08-02

Fundamentals

Real Numbers

Substraction isn't a fundamental operation, it's addition with a negative a-b = a+(-b), use it your advantage.

Use prime factorization to sum fractions. Factoring each denominator into prime factors for \frac{5}{36} + \frac{7}{120} gives 36 = 2^2.3^2 and 120 = 2^3.3.5. The product of the highest power ones, gives us the LCD: 2^3.3^2.5 = 360.

References

Study Guide

Chapter 1 — Fundamentals

SectionBest-matching video(s)
1.1 Real Numbers(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.2 Exponents and Radicals(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.3 Algebraic Expressions(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.4 Rational Expressions(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.5 EquationsIntroduction to Solving Quadratics (CA 16); The Square Root Method (CA 17); Using Factoring to Solve Quadratics (CA 18); Completing the Square Made Easy (CA 19); Proving the Quadratic Formula (CA 20); Using the Quadratic Formula (CA 21); Using Substitutions (CA 23)
1.6 Complex NumbersIntroduction to Complex Solutions of Polynomials (CA 35) (complex-number basics)
1.7 Modeling with EquationsApplications of Quadratic Functions (CA 26) (closest)
1.8 InequalitiesSolving Quadratic Inequalities (CA 25) (closest; his inequality videos are function-based)
1.9 The Coordinate Plane; Graphs of Equations; Circles(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.10 Lines(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
1.11 Solving Equations and Inequalities GraphicallyFinding Intersections of Functions (CA 22)
1.12 Modeling Variation(not in this playlist)

Chapter 2 — Functions

SectionBest-matching video(s)
2.1 FunctionsIntroduction to Functions (CA 2); How to Evaluate Functions (CA 3); Finding the Domain of Functions (CA 4)
2.2 Graphs of FunctionsUsing the Vertical Line Test (CA 6); Features of Graphs, Domain, Range (CA 7); Graphs You Must Know (CA 13)
2.3 Getting Information from the GraphEven vs Odd (CA 8); Increasing vs Decreasing (CA 9); Extrema (CA 10); How to Graph Piecewise Functions (CA 12)
2.4 Average Rate of Change of a FunctionAverage Rate of Change of a Function (CA 11)
2.5 Linear Functions and Models(not in this playlist — prerequisite algebra)
2.6 Transformations of FunctionsIntroduction to Graph Transformations (CA 14); How to Graph with Transformations (CA 15)
2.7 Combining FunctionsOperations of Functions (CA 5); Composition of Functions (CA 48); Finding Domain of Composite Functions (CA 49)
2.8 One-to-One Functions and Their InversesOne to One Functions (CA 50); Finding Inverse Functions (CA 51)

Chapter 3 — Polynomial and Rational Functions

SectionBest-matching video(s)
3.1 Quadratic Functions and ModelsGraphing Quadratic Functions (CA 24); Applications of Quadratic Functions (CA 26)
3.2 Polynomial Functions and Their GraphsIntroduction to Polynomial Functions (CA 27); Power Functions (CA 28); Multiplicity and End Behavior (CA 29); Creating Polynomials from Real Zeros (CA 30); How to Sketch Polynomial Functions (CA 31)
3.3 Dividing PolynomialsSynthetic Division and Long Division of Polynomials (CA 32)
3.4 Real Zeros of PolynomialsDescartes' Rule of Signs (CA 33); How to Use the Rational Zeros Theorem (CA 34); Finding ALL Solutions of Polynomials (CA 37)
3.5 Complex Zeros and the Fundamental Theorem of AlgebraIntroduction to Complex Solutions of Polynomials (CA 35); Creating Polynomials from Complex Solutions (CA 36)
3.6 Rational FunctionsFinding Vertical Asymptotes (CA 38); Graphing Rational Functions with Transformations (CA 39); Horizontal Asymptote (CA 40); Oblique Asymptote (CA 41); End Behavior (CA 42); Asymptotes and Holes (CA 43); Graphing Rational Functions (CA 44)
3.7 Polynomial and Rational InequalitiesInequalities with Functions – Graphically (CA 45); Inequalities with Polynomial Functions (CA 46); Inequalities with Rational Functions (CA 47)

Chapter 4 — Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

SectionBest-matching video(s)
4.1 Exponential FunctionsGraphs of Exponential Functions (CA 52); Graphing Exponential Functions with Transformations (CA 53)
4.2 The Natural Exponential FunctionGraphs of Exponential Functions (CA 52) (covered within; no dedicated "e" video)
4.3 Logarithmic FunctionsIntroduction to Logarithms and Their Graphs (CA 55); Graphing Logarithms with Transformations (CA 56)
4.4 Laws of LogarithmsProperties of Logarithms (CA 58); How to Expand Logarithms (CA 59); How to Combine Logarithms (CA 60); How to Change the Base of a Logarithm (CA 61)
4.5 Exponential and Logarithmic EquationsSolving Exponential Equations with Common Bases (CA 54); Introduction to Solving Logarithms and Exponentials (CA 57); Solving Logarithms with Common Bases (CA 62); Log Equations with Exponentials (CA 63); Exponential Equations with Logarithms (CA 64)
4.6 Modeling with Exponential FunctionsReview of Compound Interest (CA 65); Exponential Growth and Decay (CA 66)
4.7 Logarithmic Scales(not in this playlist)

Chapter 5 — Trigonometric Functions: Unit Circle Approach

SectionBest-matching video(s)
5.1 The Unit CircleTrigonometric Functions and the Unit Circle (Trig 6); How to Use the Unit Circle in Trigonometry (Trig 7)
5.2 Trigonometric Functions of Real NumbersBasic Properties of Trigonometric Functions (Trig 8); Reciprocal Identities (Trig 9); Pythagorean Identities (Trig 10)
5.3 Trigonometric GraphsThe Graphs of Sine and Cosine (Trig 11); Graphing Transformations with Sine and Cosine (Trig 12)
5.4 More Trigonometric GraphsHow to Graph Tangent and Cotangent (Trig 13); Transformations with Tangent and Cotangent (Trig 14); How to Graph Cosecant and Secant (Trig 15); Phase Shifts (Trig 16)
5.5 Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Their GraphsIntroduction to Inverse Trig Functions (Trig 17); How to Use Inverse Trig Functions (Trig 18); How to Find Inverse Trig Functions (Trig 19)
5.6 Modeling Harmonic MotionSimple Harmonic Motion in Trig (Trig 35)

Chapter 6 — Trigonometric Functions: Right Triangle Approach

SectionBest-matching video(s)
6.1 Angle MeasureIntroduction to Angles (Trig 1); Converting Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (Trig 2); Introduction to Radians (Trig 3); Converting Radians and Degrees (Trig 4); Area of a Sector, Angular Velocity (Trig 5)
6.2 Trigonometry of Right TrianglesIntroduction to Right Triangle Trigonometry (Trig 30); Finding Sides and Angles with Right Triangle Trig (Trig 31)
6.3 Trigonometric Functions of AnglesBasic Properties of Trigonometric Functions (Trig 8) (with Unit Circle, Trig 6–7)
6.4 Inverse Trigonometric Functions and TrianglesHow to Solve Basic Inverse Trig Functions (Trig 20); An In-depth Look at Using Inverse Trig Functions (Trig 21)
6.5 The Law of SinesHow to Use the Law of Sines in Trigonometry (Trig 32)
6.6 The Law of CosinesHow to Use the Law of Cosines in Trigonometry (Trig 33); How to Find the Area of a Triangle with Trigonometry (Trig 34)

Chapter 7 — Analytic Trigonometry

SectionBest-matching video(s)
7.1 Trigonometric IdentitiesIntroduction to Using Trigonometric Identities (Trig 23); How to Prove Trigonometric Identities (Trig 24)
7.2 Addition and Subtraction FormulasIntroduction to Sum and Difference Formulas (Trig 25); Using Sum and Difference Formulas (Trig 26)
7.3 Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Sum-Product FormulasProving the Double and Half Angle Formulas (Trig 27); How to Use the Double and Half Angle Formulas (Trig 28); Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product (Trig 29)
7.4 Basic Trigonometric EquationsHow to Solve Trigonometric Equations (Trig 22)
7.5 More Trigonometric EquationsHow to Solve Trigonometric Equations (Trig 22) (same video covers both)

Chapter 8 — Polar Coordinates and Parametric Equations

SectionBest-matching video(s)
8.1 Polar CoordinatesIntroduction to Polar Coordinates (Trig 36); Convert Polar → Rectangular (Trig 37); Convert Rectangular → Polar (Trig 38)
8.2 Graphs of Polar EquationsConvert Rectangular → Polar Equations (Trig 39); Convert Polar → Rectangular Equations (Trig 40); Graph Basic Polar Equations (Trig 41); Graph Advanced Polar Equations with Symmetry (Trig 42)
8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers; DeMoivre's Theorem(not in this playlist)
8.4 Plane Curves and Parametric Equations(not in this playlist)

Chapter 9 — Vectors in Two and Three Dimensions

(Entire chapter not in this playlist — see Professor Leonard's Calculus 3 series for vectors.)

Chapter 10 — Systems of Equations and Inequalities

(Entire chapter not in this playlist — matrices, determinants, systems are in his Algebra course.)

Chapter 11 — Conic Sections

(Entire chapter not in this playlist.)

Chapter 12 — Sequences and Series

SectionBest-matching video(s)
12.1 Sequences and Summation NotationIntroduction to Sequences (CA 67); Introduction to Series and Summation Notation (CA 68)
12.2 Arithmetic SequencesArithmetic Sequences (CA 69); Arithmetic Series (CA 70)
12.3 Geometric SequencesGeometric Sequences (CA 71); Geometric Series (CA 72)
12.4 Mathematics of FinanceReview of Compound Interest (CA 65) (closest)
12.5 Mathematical InductionProof by Mathematical Induction (CA 73)
12.6 The Binomial Theorem(not in this playlist)

Chapter 13 — Limits: A Preview of Calculus

(Entire chapter not in this playlist — see Professor Leonard's Calculus 1 series for limits.)


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